[轉貼] 不定詞、動名詞可互換或不可互換

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不定詞、動名詞可互換或不可互換
不定詞、動名詞可互換或不可互換問題
開明書局《渡船》 龍志霍著    英文版   p.264-268  

一、下列三句的不定詞可用動名詞替換
1. His favorite summer sport is to swim.
  2. Your bad habit is to read without thorough understanding.
  3. His distress is not to have taken his Ph.D.
作主詞補語時，用動名詞較佳。動名詞可替換不定詞的時機為聯繫動詞代表「相等」
的意義時，如以上三例。

二、以下例句不得用動名詞替換不定詞
  1. To see him is to surrender.
  2. To accept such terms is to give up my necessary freedom of action.
  3. To read such books is to poison yourself.
  4. To praise her in such a way to ruin her character.
  5. To live is to work.
　當不定詞隱含結果、必要或未來時，不得以動名詞替換。
三、 虛主詞的真主詞可以是不定詞或動名詞，例如：
  1. It is useless crying (to cry) over spilt milk.
  2. I call it abominable sin to cheat (cheating) people.
  3. It is comfortable to live (living) in the country.

但是當句子含有未來、結果、必要等意義時，不得用動名詞替換：
1. It is better for you to go immediately.
  2. It is not necessary for you to do that.
  3. It is difficult for us to answer this question.
  4. It is my advice for you to admit your own mistakes and shortcomings.
  5. It is for me to make a draft of bylaws and regulations.
  6. I left it to him to verify the figures.

[補充]
凡表示「目的」、「理由」、「功能」、「意圖」等語意的名詞當主詞用時，其補語應採不定詞，而不可使用動名詞。
1. The objective of daylight saving time is to provide (*providing) an additional daylight hour available for recreation and thus save energy.
2. The primary function of photovoltaic cells is to provide (*providing) a clean energy source for the future.

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