[分享] linux 查詢硬體信息 cpu 內存 pci 網卡...語法大全

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發表於 2009-3-4 11:17 | 只看該作者

[分享] linux 查詢硬體信息 cpu 內存 pci 網卡...語法大全

很多時候我們需要得到linux下面的硬件信息，那麼如何得到呢？其實linux給出了多種途徑，我們看一下每一個命令，以便得到最詳細的信息。

識別物理CPU、Core、邏輯CPU
　　邏輯CPU個數：
　　# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
　　物理CPU個數：
　　# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
　　每個物理CPU中Core的個數：
　　# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | wc -l
　　是否為超線程？
　　如果有兩個邏輯CPU具有相同的"core id"，那麼超線程是打開的。
　　每個物理CPU中邏輯CPU(可能是core, threads或both)的個數：
　　# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "siblings"
　　最保險的方法是問Intel，有誰比Intel更瞭解自己的CPU呢？(sorry AMD)：
　　訪客無法瀏覽此圖片或連結，請先註冊或登入會員。
　　參考：
　　訪客無法瀏覽此圖片或連結，請先註冊或登入會員。

/*
二,硬件的查看
  1,lspci
  2,dmidecode
  3,dmesg
*/
1，查看pci的相關信息
先解釋一下概念：
什麼是PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect，外圍設備互聯，
它是計算機上面應用的設備總線（總線，就是bus,是傳輸數據信號的通道）
lspci
這個命令默認是已經安裝的，
如找不到此命令，可以安裝pciutils這個包
命令舉例:
lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000X Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 12)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 2 (rev 12)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 3 (rev 12)
00:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 4-5 (rev 12)
00:05.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 5 (rev 12)
00:06.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 6-7 (rev 12)
00:07.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 7 (rev 12)
00:10.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)
00:10.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)
00:10.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)
00:11.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12)
00:13.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12)
00:15.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12)
00:16.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 09)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #1 (rev 09)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #2 (rev 09)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #3 (rev 09)
00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #4 (rev 09)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset EHCI USB2 Controller (rev 09)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev d9)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 09)
00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB IDE Controller (rev 09)
01:00.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS1068E PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS (rev 08)
02:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12)
04:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Upstream Port (rev 01)
04:00.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev 01)
05:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E1 (rev 01)
05:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E2 (rev 01)
06:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3)
07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12)
0e:0d.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc ES1000 (rev 02)

從中看到的信息：Ethernet controller：這個是網卡
         VGA compatible controller：這個是顯卡
               USB Controller： USB控制器
               SCSI storage controller： SCSI的存儲控制器
說明：如果你感覺這份信息還不夠詳細，
   那麼可以在後面添加參數，有3個參數可以使用：
   lspci -v verbose 詳細
   lspci -vv    very verbose  很詳細
   lspci -vvv even more verbose 更詳細
以樹結構來顯示pci總線：
lspci -tv

簡單顯示：
lspci -n
   00:00.0 0600: 8086:25c0 (rev 12)
00:02.0 0604: 8086:25e2 (rev 12)
00:03.0 0604: 8086:25e3 (rev 12)
00:04.0 0604: 8086:25f8 (rev 12)
00:05.0 0604: 8086:25e5 (rev 12)
00:06.0 0604: 8086:25f9 (rev 12)
00:07.0 0604: 8086:25e7 (rev 12)
00:10.0 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:10.1 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:10.2 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:11.0 0600: 8086:25f1 (rev 12)
00:13.0 0600: 8086:25f3 (rev 12)
00:15.0 0600: 8086:25f5 (rev 12)
00:16.0 0600: 8086:25f6 (rev 12)
00:1c.0 0604: 8086:2690 (rev 09)
00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:2688 (rev 09)
00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:2689 (rev 09)
00:1d.2 0c03: 8086:268a (rev 09)
00:1d.3 0c03: 8086:268b (rev 09)
00:1d.7 0c03: 8086:268c (rev 09)
00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev d9)
00:1f.0 0601: 8086:2670 (rev 09)
00:1f.1 0101: 8086:269e (rev 09)
01:00.0 0100: 1000:0058 (rev 08)
02:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)
03:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)
04:00.0 0604: 8086:3500 (rev 01)
04:00.3 0604: 8086:350c (rev 01)
05:00.0 0604: 8086:3510 (rev 01)
05:01.0 0604: 8086:3514 (rev 01)
06:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)
07:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)
0e:0d.0 0300: 1002:515e (rev 02)
顯示其中的某一項：
lspci -d 14e4:164c -vvv
2,查看cpu的信息
  cat /proc/cpuinfo

  有幾顆CPU？ cat /proc/cpuinfo ｜ grep physical id

  [root@dev ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'physical id'
physical id    : 0
physical id    : 0
physical id    : 0
physical id    : 0
如果physical id相同，表示這是一顆4核心的CPU

  查看CPU的生產商和型號:
查看生產商：
  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'vendor_id'
  查看型號：
  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name'
  查看頻率：
  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu MHz'
  查看核心的數量：
  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu cores'


3,查看內存的信息：
  [root@dev ~]# free -m
         total    used    free    shared buffers    cached
Mem:       4048    1708    2339       0       164    1464
-/+ buffers/cache:       80    3967
Swap:       1983       0    1983
說明： -m參數，以M字節（megabytes）為單位查看內存大小，
   上面的例子中我們可以看到，內存的總大小是4048M，也就是4G

  想看到更詳細的內存信息？
  dmidecode -t memory
  # dmidecode 2.7
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes.
Physical Memory Array
      Location: System Board Or Motherboard
      Use: System Memory
      Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
      Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Number Of Devices: 8
Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: 1024 MB
      Form Factor:
      Set: 1
      Locator: DIMM1
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
      Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
      Serial Number: E2940445
      Asset Tag: 110818
      Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: 1024 MB
      Form Factor:
      Set: 1
      Locator: DIMM2
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
      Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
      Serial Number: BB9C0441
      Asset Tag: 110818
      Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: 1024 MB
      Form Factor:
      Set: 2
      Locator: DIMM3
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
      Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
      Serial Number: 39A10445
      Asset Tag: 110818
      Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: 1024 MB
      Form Factor:
      Set: 2
      Locator: DIMM4
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
      Manufacturer: 830B8089830B
      Serial Number: BA9A0442
      Asset Tag: 110818
      Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
Handle 0x1104, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: No Module Installed
      Form Factor:
      Set: 3
      Locator: DIMM5
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: Unknown
      Manufacturer:
      Serial Number:
      Asset Tag:
      Part Number:
Handle 0x1105, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: No Module Installed
      Form Factor:
      Set: 3
      Locator: DIMM6
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: Unknown
      Manufacturer:
      Serial Number:
      Asset Tag:
      Part Number:
Handle 0x1106, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: No Module Installed
      Form Factor:
      Set: 4
      Locator: DIMM7
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: Unknown
      Manufacturer:
      Serial Number:
      Asset Tag:
      Part Number:
Handle 0x1107, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x1000
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 72 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: No Module Installed
      Form Factor:
      Set: 4
      Locator: DIMM8
      Bank Locator: Not Specified
      Type:
      Type Detail: Synchronous
      Speed: Unknown
      Manufacturer:
      Serial Number:
      Asset Tag:
      Part Number:
從上面我們可以看到有4條1G的內存被安裝在前4條內存插槽上，而locator從DIMM5－DIMM8是空著的
前四條內存的型號為：Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C
生產商的ID是：Manufacturer: 830B8089830B

This is resolved, the cpuspeed daemon was mis reporting the info, you can view it now.

root@test [~ #service cpuspeed stop
Disabling ondemand cpu frequency scaling: [  OK  ]
root@test [~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor    : 0
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6
model          : 23
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad  CPU Q9550  @ 2.83GHz
stepping       : 7
cpu MHz       : 2830.000
cache size    : 6144 KB
physical id    : 0
siblings       : 4
core id       : 0
cpu cores    : 4
fpu          : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level    : 10
wp             : yes
flags          : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm
bogomips       : 5636.37
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor    : 1
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6
model          : 23
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad  CPU Q9550  @ 2.83GHz
stepping       : 7
cpu MHz       : 2830.000
cache size    : 6144 KB
physical id    : 0
siblings       : 4
core id       : 2
cpu cores    : 4
fpu          : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level    : 10
wp             : yes
flags          : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm
bogomips       : 5633.52
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor    : 2
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6
model          : 23
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad  CPU Q9550  @ 2.83GHz
stepping       : 7
cpu MHz       : 2830.000
cache size    : 6144 KB
physical id    : 0
siblings       : 4
core id       : 1
cpu cores    : 4
fpu          : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level    : 10
wp             : yes
flags          : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm
bogomips       : 5633.46
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor    : 3
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6
model          : 23
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad  CPU Q9550  @ 2.83GHz
stepping       : 7
cpu MHz       : 2830.000
cache size    : 6144 KB
physical id    : 0
siblings       : 4
core id       : 3
cpu cores    : 4
fpu          : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level    : 10
wp             : yes
flags          : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm syscall nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm
bogomips       : 5633.51
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

root@test [~]#

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