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發表於 2010-1-25 17:49
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[分享] Essay 寫作技巧 - 1
Essay 寫作技巧 - 1
Essay
新年前，寫了兩個essay段落，說明它的結構，若你準備留學考或到英語系國家唸書，這種結構是所有寫作的基礎。雖然大不同於中文表達，但是可以透過模仿、練習、學習技巧強化你的寫作能力。現在，和大家分享幾個essay寫作技巧。
首先，以之前我寫的一段essay當範例:
Smoking can be an expensive habit because of addiction. Addicted people tend to smoke more and, as a result, spend more on this habit. Assuming a pack of cigarettes costs 50 dollars, if people smoke a pack a day it will cost them 50 dollars a day, or 18,250 dollars a year. But if they smoke two packs a day, which is very likely because of addiction, their yearly smoking expenses double easily, going up to a staggering amount of 36,500 dollars or more. For many smokers, 50 dollars a day for cigarettes may be a small token, but the compounding effect of addiction could easily double that amount and cost them hugely in a year’s time, making smoking a costly habit.
技巧 1 - 原則上，一段只談一件事，或一件事中的一點。
以上面這段為例，我只提抽菸的一個缺點，很花錢，後面的說明，全都圍繞在這一點。當然，你也可以將這段專注於抽菸的三個主要優、缺點，但這僅適用於贊成或反對抽菸議題的說服型寫作。要做到一段一件事，那一件事的表達通常落在第一句的動詞和形容詞上(見下面例句中的粗體字):
落在第一句動詞的寫法
a. I hate smoking or smokers. (不ok, 避免使用這類強烈情緒的字眼)
b. Nothing irritates me more than cigarette smoke. (ok, 作者的立場很明確)
c. I do not like smoking, but I can put up with my friends when they smoke in front of me. (不不不ok, 困惑讀者的表達，到底作者想表達的那件事為何?)
落在第一句形容詞的寫法
a. Smoking is disgusting/repulsive to me. (ok, 但是，要如何補充、說明'disgusting'? 容易嗎?)
b. I find smoking offensive. (ok, 作者的立場很明確)
c. Smoking is good/bad/wonderful/ugly.... (不ok, 這類抽象字，很難補充、說明)
d. While some people find smoking attractive and refresing, I see it as a dangerous/expensive/unhealthy habit. (ok, 作者的立場很明確、也容易說明。)
試試看，各造一個動詞和形容詞為主的第一句(換個題目)，下回示範如何將前句重點向下延伸的技巧(不是連接詞的使用)。
Write on
Chi
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